AKCENT GROUP "Charak Institute of pharmacy, Mandleshwer

AKCENT GROUP 
Charak Institute of Pharmacy, Mandleshwer Dist. Khargone (M.P.)

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Charak 8th Batch 

Our Facuilty Members

Solanki Sir. Patel Sir, Jaiswal sir ,Patidar sir .

Charak 8th Batch Students

Charak 7th Batch Student

Charak 7th Batch Student

Jordan Sir, Sharma sir Patidar Sir

My First Poster Presentation 2013


THE PHARMACY ACT, 1948


INTRODUCTION


In India there was no restriction to practise the profession of pharmacy. One could practise this profession as any other profession. Persons, having no knowledge and having no education in pharmacy or pharmaceutical chemistry or pharmacology, were engaged in this profession. Hundreds of cases were brought to the notice of the Government wherein the compounding, mixing, or dispensing of medicines was being done by persons who were not adequately educated in this line. The system was causing great harm to the health of people by wrong compounding, mixing or dispensing. It was found necessary to enact a law for the regulation of the profession and practice of pharmacy. To achieve this goal the Pharmacy Bill, 1947 was introduced in the Legislature which was later referred to the Select Committee. The recommendations of the Selection Committee were incorporated in the Bill.

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

It is desirable that, as in most other countries, only persons who have attained a minimum standard of professional education should be permitted to practise the Profession of Pharmacy. It is accordingly proposed to establish a Central Council of Pharmacy, which will prescribe the minimum standards of education and approve courses of study and examinations for Pharmacists, and Provincial Pharmacy Councils, which will be responsible for the maintenance of provincial registers of qualified pharmacists. It is further proposed to empower Provincial Governments to prohibit the dispensing of medicine on the prescription of a medical practitioner otherwise than by, or under the direct and personal supervision of, a registered pharmacist.

ACT 8 OF 1948

The Pharmacy Bill, 1947, having been passed by the Legislature received its assent on 4th March, 1948. It came on the Statute Book as THE PHARMACY ACT, 1948 (8 of 1948).

LIST OF AMENDING ACTS AND ADAPTATION ORDERS

1. The Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950.
2. The Adaptation of Laws (No.3) Order, 1956.
3. The Pharmacy (Amendment) Act, 1959 (24 of 1959).
4. The Pharmacy (Amendment) Act, 1976 (70 of 1976).
5. The Pharmacy (Amendment) Act, 1982 (22 of 1982).
6. The Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 1985 (4 of 1986).

______________________

Packaging Technology

DEFINITION: 

Packing: Packing consists of enclosing an individual item, or several items, in a container, usually for shipment or delivery. This operation is mostly done by hand and machine. Pharmaceutical

Packaging: Pharmaceutical packaging means the combination of components necessary to contain, preserve, protect & deliver a safe, efficacious drug product, such that at any time point before expiration date of the drug product, a safe & efficacious dosage form is available.

Types of Packaging Systems: 


  1.  Primary package system: Made up of those package components & subcomponents that come into direct contact with the product, or those that may have a direct effect on the product shelf life. 
  2. Secondary or tertiary package system: Includes cartons, corrugated shippers & pallets
Packaging must meet the following Requirements: [ideal requirements] 

  1.  Protect the preparation from environmental conditions. 
  2. Non-reactive with the product and so does not alter the identity of the product 
  3.  Does not impart tastes or odors to the product 
  4.  Nontoxic 
  5.  FDA approved 
  6. Protect the dosage form from damage or breakage 
  7. Meet tamper-resistance requirements, wherever applicable. 
  8. Adaptable to commonly employed high-speed packaging equipments.
Criteria for the Selection of package type and package material: 

  1. Stability 
  2.  Compatibility with the contents 
  3. Strength of container and the degree of protection required 
  4.  Moisture-proofness 
  5.  Resistance to corrosion by Acids or Alkalis 
  6.  Resistance to grease 
  7. Protection against salt 
  8.  Resistance to microorganisms 
  9.  Resistance to insects and rodents 
  10. Resistance to differences in temperature 
  11. Protection against light, fire and pilferage
  12.  Odor retention and transmission 
  13.  Aesthetic effect 
  14. Cost 
  15. Machine suitability of packaging and the filling method.
Possible Interactions between primary packaging materials and the included pharmaceutical product:

  1. The release of chemicals from components of the packaging materials 
  2. The release of visible and/or sub visible particles 
  3.  The absorption or adsorption of pharmaceutical components by the packaging materials 
  4.  Chemical reactions between pharmaceutical product & the packaging materials 
  5. The degradation of packaging components in contact with the pharmaceutical products
  6.  The influence of the manufacturing process (e.g. sterilization) on the container.
Packaging materials & closures: 

  •  Glass 
  • Plastic 
  • Metals 
  •  Paper and Board 
  •  Rubber 
  •  Cotton 
  • Adhesives and Inks 
  • Closures
GLASS CONTAINERS:
           Advantages:
  1.  Superior protective qualities
  2. Economical
  3. Readily available in a wide variety of sizes & shapes 
  4.  Essentially chemically inert, impermeable, strong and rigid 
  5.  Has FDA clearance 6. Does not deteriorate with age
  6. Provides an excellent barrier against every element except light with a proper closure system. Colored glass, especially amber, can give protection against light. 
             Disadvantages:
  1.  Fragility 
  2.  Heavy Weight.
         Composition of glass
  • Mainly made up of
  1. Sand – pure silica 
  2.  Soda-ash – sodium carbonate 
  3. Limestone – calcium carbonate 
  4. Cullet – broken glass that is mixed with the batch & acts as a fusion agent for the entire mixture
The most common cations found in pharmaceutical glassware are silicone, aluminum, boron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc & barium. The only anion of consequence is oxygen.

TYPES OF GLASS
 
Type I – Borosilicate Glass 
Type II – Treated Soda-Lime Glass
 Type III – Regular Soda-Lime Glass 
Type NP – General Purpose Soda-Lime Glass

Coming Soon...........

8 reasons why you may not trust Fizzle as far as you can throw us yet.



1. “Isn’t just about everything you share available for free on the internet?”
Wow, starting out with a doozie. Ok, let’s talk about it.
Ideas about the foundations of business are available ALL OVER the web.
You can spend TONS of time clicking around the web learning bits and pieces.
The danger, of course, is that many people never move beyond that - spending A LOT of time clicking around.
Onesie-twosie learning will never be as curated, ordered, organized and action oriented as The Fizzle Roadmap.
We know the common pitfalls, we help you avoid them and make progress on your business every single week. This is what the Roadmap and community at Fizzle were designed for, and this is what our members gladly pay for each month.

2. “Aren’t you too young to be business trainers?”
Some of us really do have baby faces :)
First, we have deep experience in both the new and old business worlds. Fortune 500 consultant, head of sales at a massive startup, highly sought-after designer… these are the careers we built before joining Fizzle.
Second, we were the team of choice when a few massive bloggers needed help with strategy and design. (That was back when we did client work.) They believed in how we look at new business. (Spoiler Alert: it paid off well for them.)
Third, some of our courses aren’t actually taught by us, they’re taught by leading experts. (Look for more of these in the future as we diversify the course library.)
But what speaks most for us is the success of our members. People like Adam, Bree, Val and Tom who joined Fizzle with an idea and are now earning a full-time living on their own terms.

3. “Are you just out to make a quick buck?”
We priced Fizzle membership at an affordable $35/month (about a dollar a day), and included a free trial and an easy “click to cancel” button to stop being billed immediately.
If we wanted to make a quick buck we’d have a big price tag, lots of marketing and it’d be hard for you to get a refund.
No, we’re not out to make a quick buck. Instead, we designed ourselves into a business that only survives in a long-term relationship with you.

4. “I’m worried your training will be too basic or too general.”
Yes, this is a very common question.
From idea to initial audience, from first product to audience growth, from creation to sales and marketing, there are actions.
Some actions require you to know certain concepts and ideas, so there’s some learning you may need there.
Maybe more than anything else, these actions, done in a particular order, are the most important ingredient in making your idea a reality and growing your business.
Fizzle will focus you on those actions regardless of how advanced or basic your understanding is at this point.
Besides that, the community and our weekly coaching calls go a long way to answering specific questions that might be unique to your business.

5. “I have other business trainers I already trust.”
I totally understand.
I mean, we are very unique here at Fizzle. We have a very humane, open and fun way of looking at business and have designed ourselves into a business model that requires us to be excellent and honest.
And, obviously, the special community here is without equal in the world of online business.
Also, we’re very enthusiastic about dancing. It’s just something we are committed to (Steph in particular).
So, we have a unique way of looking at things and a very special community, and we just might be the hardest working business in business, but we’re not hurt if you like someone else more than us…
… well, I mean a little… but we’ll be OK.
(PS. if this is where you are, reply and tell us who you like so much. They must be doing a great job, and maybe we can collaborate.)

6. “I doubt I’ll have time for training right now.”
This is a really good point. Thanks for your candor.
So, here’s what we’ve done at Fizzle to design for the realities of modern life.
We’ve broken up each course and each section of the roadmap into bite-sized chunks so you can do them at your own pace.
We also have a dashboard that makes it easy to pickup exactly where you left off.
And every friday we send out a short email called “This Week in Fizzle,” sharing popular conversations from the forums. (This is one of my favorite things we do.)
Managing time is a massive challenge for just about all small business builders. We’ve designed the training and our weekly “This Week in Fizzle” community email to fit Fizzle into your life, not the other way around.

7. “I don’t think I’m ready to pay money for training.”
Wow, I really understand this one. Thank you for your honestly.
Now, let’s take that honesty a little further and realize that what you might be saying is this: I am not yet very serious about starting my own business.
First of all, please know that is a very OK thing to say, and brave. Many people think themselves very serious about business when they’re really just playing and pretending.
And second, maybe just beware of staying in that spectator position for too long… your future self might come to resent you. (Lord knows there’s things I wish I would have started sooner.)
So, can you still be interested in starting a business without paying for professional training? Yes. Fizzle’s blog and podcast, hopefully, are very inspiring places to keep learning.
And, when it come time to invest in yourself-if your goal is to earn a living doing something you care about as a freelancer, creative or entrepreneur-I hope you consider Fizzle membership. (At the very least it’ll be the most affordable excellent training you’ll likely find :)

8. “It feels kinda weird that you’re so up front about this stuff.
I know, even as I write this I’m, like, “this isn’t normal!”
I hope it’s not too weird.
As I said, we can’t afford to be dishonest because people would just stop paying the $35/month for Fizzle.
We don’t want everyone to join Fizzle, but we really want the right kind of person to know about it. So, my bet is that brutal honesty will help attract awesome people.


Documents Required for Fresh registration as pharmacist

          14. 3200/- for online registration charge.