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SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION METHOD OR VIERODT'S METHOD If  a  sample  contains  two  absorbing  drugs  (X  and  Y)  each  of  which  absorbs  at  the  λmax  different  from  the  other,  it  may  be  possible  to  determine  both  drugs  by  the  technique  of  simultaneous  equations (Vierodt's  method),  provided  certain  criterias  apply.  The information required is (a) The aborptivities of X at and λ1 and λ2 are ax1 and ax2 respectively (b) The aborptivities of Y at and λ1 and λ2 are ay1 and ay2  respectively.  (c) The absorbances of  the diluted sample  at  λ1  and  λ2  are A1...

Summary: Scientists have looked at all 14,500 participants in Children of the 90s and found that if a girl's maternal grandmother smoked during pregnancy, the girl is 67 percent more likely to display certain traits linked to autism, such as poor social communication skills and repetitive behaviors. Scientists from the University of Bristol have looked at all 14,500 participants in Children of the 90s and found that if a girl's maternal grandmother smoked during pregnancy, the girl is 67% more likely to display certain traits linked to autism, such as poor social communication skills and repetitive behaviours. The team also found that if the maternal grandmother smoked, this increased by 53% the risk of her grandchildren having a diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These discoveries suggest that if a female is exposed to cigarette smoke while she is still in the womb, it could affect the developing eggs -- causing changes that may eventually affect the develo...

Source: Salk Institute Summary: A new technique, which allows scientists to generate both embryonic and non-embryonic tissues from cultured stem cells, is a step toward growing donor organs and replacement tissues to combat aging and diseases. Human EPS cells (green) can be detected in both the embryonic part (left) and extra-embryonic parts (placenta and yolk sac, right) of a mouse embryo. Credit: Salk Institute When scientists talk about laboratory stem cells being totipotent or pluripotent, they mean that the cells have the potential, like an embryo, to develop into any type of tissue in the body. What totipotent stem cells can do that pluripotent ones can't do, however, is develop into tissues that support the embryo, like the placenta. These are called extra-embryonic tissues, and are vital in development and healthy growth. Now, scientists at the Salk Institute, in collaboration with researchers from Peking University, in China, are repor...

AKCENT GROUP  Charak Institute of Pharmacy, Mandleshwer Dist. Khargone (M.P.) Collage Gallary Charak 8th Batch  Our Facuilty Members Solanki Sir. Patel Sir, Jaiswal sir ,Patidar sir . Charak 8th Batch Students Charak 7th Batch Student Charak 7th Batch Student Jordan Sir, Sharma sir Patidar Sir My First Poster Presentation 2013

INTRODUCTION In India there was no restriction to practise the profession of pharmacy. One could practise this  profession as any other profession. Persons, having no knowledge and having no education in pharmacy or pharmaceutical chemistry or pharmacology, were engaged in this profession. Hundreds of cases were brought to the notice of the Government wherein the compounding, mixing, or dispensing of medicines was being done by persons who were not adequately educated in this line. The system was causing great harm to the health of people by wrong compounding, mixing or dispensing. It was found necessary to enact a law for the regulation of the profession and practice of pharmacy. To achieve this goal the Pharmacy Bill, 1947 was introduced in the Legislature which was later referred to the Select Committee. The recommendations of the Selection Committee were incorporated in the Bill. STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS It is desirable that, as in most other countries, on...

DEFINITION:  Packing: Packing consists of enclosing an individual item, or several items, in a container, usually for shipment or delivery. This operation is mostly done by hand and machine. Pharmaceutical Packaging: Pharmaceutical packaging means the combination of components necessary to contain, preserve, protect & deliver a safe, efficacious drug product, such that at any time point before expiration date of the drug product, a safe & efficacious dosage form is available. Types of Packaging Systems:   Primary package system: Made up of those package components & subcomponents that come into direct contact with the product, or those that may have a direct effect on the product shelf life.  Secondary or tertiary package system: Includes cartons, corrugated shippers & pallets Packaging must meet the following Requirements: [ideal requirements]   Protect the preparation from environmental conditions.  Non-reactive w...

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Introduction  This document presents a discussion of the characteristics for consideration during the validation of the analytical procedures included as part of registration applications submitted within the EC, Japan and USA. This document does not necessarily seek to cover the testing that may be required for registration in, or export to, other areas of the world. Furthermore, this text presentation serves as a collection of terms, and their definitions, and is not intended to provide direction on how to accomplish validation. These terms and definitions are meant to bridge the differences that often exist between various compendia and regulators of the EC, Japan and USA.  The objective of validation of an analytical procedure is to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose. A tabular summation of the characteristics applicable to identification, control of impurities and assay procedures is included. Other analytical procedures may be considered i...

Introduction The molecular spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic waves and matter. The scattering of sun’s rays by raindrops to produce a rainbow and appearance of a colorful spectrum when a narrow beam of sunlight is passed through a triangular glass prism are the simple examples where white light is separated into the visible spectrum of primary colors. This visible light is merely a part of the whole spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, extending from the radio waves to cosmic rays. All these apparently different forms of electromagnetic radiations travel at the same velocity but characteristically differ from each other in terms of frequencies and wavelength. Absorption of Different Electromagnetic radiations  In absorption spectroscopy, though the mechanism of absorption of energy is different in the ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance regions, the fundamental process is the absorption of a discrete amount of energy. The...