clinical research Phases
phases of clinical research:- The phases of clinical research are the steps in which scientists do experiments with a health intervention in an attempt to find enough evidence for a process which would be useful as a medical treatment . In the case of pharmaceutical study, the phases start with drug design and drug discovery , go on to animal testing , then start by testing in only a few human subjects and expand to test in many study participants if the trial seems safe and useful. Clinical trials involving new drugs are commonly classified into four phases. Clinical trials of drugs may not fit into a single phase. For example, some may blend from phase I to phase II or from phase II to phase III. Therefore, it may be easier to think of early phase studies and late phase studies. [1] The drug-development process will normally proceed through all four phases over many years. If the drug successfully passes...